INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The relationship between employees and employers is based on the respect from the employer to the employee to motivate him/her to a larger extent that the employer has to give the respect to the employee not only his reward such as salary and wages but by different means such as symbolic motivation after observing the performance of the employee. By this types of symbolic motivation, employee will be motivated and connected to their work and the comfortable environment created by the authorities is very helpful to make the employee devoted and committed to their job honestly and faithfully.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
Hospitality is a key component of tourism which is one of the fastest growing industry in the world over the past fifty years with no signs of negativity in the 21st century. Apart from a country’s beautiful environment, the warmth reception by host communities as well as political and economic stability, tourists’ memorable experience are deeply influenced by the quality of service that they lodge. The hospitality industry represents a rapidly growing subsector of the global economy. It also plays a significant role in the economy development of a nation. It offers many opportunities for those who want to start a business in the accommodation sector.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The effectiveness of strategic planning can be measured in terms of the extent to which it influences organizational performance, which affects its survival rate. Strategic planning can be defined as the process of using systematic criteria and rigorous investigation to formulate, implement and control strategy and formally document organizational expectations (Pearce and Robinson, 2014).
Strategic Planning is a process by which we can predict the future and develop the necessary procedures and operations to influence and achieve that future. As in many other fields, strategic planning professionals often wrap their work in pseudo-scientific jargon designed to glorify their work and create client dependence.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Successful implementation of a business strategy occurs when leadership, management systems, organizational structures and organizational culture change are all aligned to the strategy. Organizational culture is closely connected to the productivity and is critical to the business success as this is the process which an organization develops its internal capacity to be effective in its mandate in the short, medium and long term running.
Organizational culture by interpretation provides a meaning system for employees who are making sense of their working environment. As such, organizational culture serves as a vehicle of the organizational influence on the individual’s identity and behavior by socializing individuals into specific norms and patterns of behavior in an organization by providing socially shared perceptions, which create predictability in the organizational environment (Marinova, 2015).
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Advancement in technology in this era has improved and enhanced the way people make effective communication in the society today especially among youths. The unprepared emergence of social media technology in the face of developing societies has change of status quo within the socio, political, economic and ecological setting of any society. The advent of social media is a cyber-revolution that changed the course of communication and interaction.
According to Durojaiye (2014), believes that the era when government of a nation would filter the news of what the people listen to, hear or read is about eroding, because citizens are now part of information gathering and information dissemination. Apart from the fact that social media has been able to break the barrier in news reportage, making people know the true nature of happenings around them within a blink of eye, it is now being use as tool of socialization, mobilization, education, political propaganda, sensitization, report insurgence and a medium of dissent.
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Education, formal or informal in every society is a fundamental factors that determines the adequate and effective economic growth and development through effective investment in human capital and available resources. Education fosters commitment, self-confident, self-understanding, improves quality of lives and increment in people’s productivity and creativity therefore promoting entrepreneurship and technological advancement. Education plays a vital role in securing economic and social development of people in the society thereby improving income distribution and economic wellbeing of the masses which may consequently salvage the people from poverty Omoniyi (2013).
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
The role of technological development in society has long been an interesting area and an important intellectual issue for both academics and researchers. The influence of technological development is changing the present world very rapidly. Changes are taking place in all spheres of life and ultimately changing the social and cultural belief systems. Technological advancement is the one which is playing a major role for this change.
The introduction of satellite television is one of the dimensions of this technological advancement which has a definite effect on the social and cultural area of people especially youths. For these changes, human behavior is also changing and therefore, the study of changes in the human behavior is becoming more important in the present business world (Shamsher and Abdullah, 2012).
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Successful implementation of a business strategy occurs when leadership, management systems, organizational structures and organizational culture change are all aligned to the strategy. Organizational culture is closely connected to the productivity and is critical to the business success as this is the process which an organization develops its internal capacity to be effective in its mandate in the short, medium and long term running.
Organizational culture by interpretation provides a meaning system for employees who are making sense of their working environment. As such, organizational culture serves as a vehicle of the organizational influence on the individual’s identity and behavior by socializing individuals into specific norms and patterns of behavior in an organization by providing socially shared perceptions, which create predictability in the organizational environment (Marinova, 2015).
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Recently, majority of advertisements especially television advertisement directed towards kids has increased tremendously. Advertisers achieved this by spending huge amount of money yearly in pushing products and services mainly and directed to children.
Accordant to Bigda, (2015), children now watch an average of 40,000 television (TV) commercials yearly. This research study intends to look into the reasons why many television advertisements like Indomie noodles are directed towards kids. The researcher will examine, how kids react to these TV advertisements, how they go about getting the product in the market, how these TV advertisements have modified the behaviour of kids as consumers, and what role parents ought to play in their children’s TV watching behaviour.
INTRODUCTION
The development of modern technology most especially in this century has impact on every sphere of human life to include mass media. This has changed the look of the existing media. Because of this, the practice of journalism is no longer in the way of one-dimensional flow of information rather it is interactive and the audience are now part of the information gathering and information distribution. It should be noted that information quality through the internet demands caution as it is questionable since it lack the activities of the gatekeepers who can decide what information to disseminate and what not to make available for the public.
Internet poses many challenges on mass media because mass media is considered “spoon-feed” sources of information, a one-way conversation where some media outlets or publishers say “Here you go”, “This is it.” whereas, with the computer technology the power has shifted to the people and the proliferation of information users and audience generated content. It is now a two-way conversation.
Abstract
The research study titled the “Nigerian Press and Gatekeeping Roles on The Success of Newspapers and Magazine (Case Study of Punch Newspaper)” gatekeeping is nothing but voluntary self-censorship performed by the media themselves which emanate from the understanding by journalists that apart from legal restrictions on what is to be published, the journalists have a duty to be socially responsible to their readers in whatever materials they package for them.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Child labour is a universal problem. It dates back to the period of industrial revolution (late 1700s to early 1800s). (Lockwood, 2016). During this period, a lot of families needed as many working hands as they could get, so children were not an exempted. However, Africa happens to have the largest number of child labourers. Meanwhile, in 2001 the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) developed strategies to fight child labour for exploitative labour purposes in West and Central Africa. (Anukan, 2016).
Child labour according to Dyorough, (2014) is the employment of children under the age of 18 in any form of work that interferes with their education and has negative effects on them physically, mentally, socially and morally. In Africa, the first commitment to combat trafficking is exemplified in Africa charter on the right or welfare of the child. In 2002, the African Union (AU) reaffirmed its commitment to combat child abuse. (Dyorouhg, 2014). It identified the elimination of human and child trafficking as an operational priority.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Nigeria is a country of overlapping regional, religious, and ethnic divisions. Rifts between the North and the South of the country, ethnic groups, and Islam and Christianity often coincide and have sometimes resulted in sectarian violence. This has been the case particularly in its geographical center and in the Niger Delta region. In the Middle Belt, as the former is called, bouts of retributive bloodshed between Christian farmers and Muslim pastoralists erupt with some frequency.
In all, credible observers ascribe over twelve thousand deaths since 1999 to ethnic, religious, and regional conflict in Nigeria. Since the end of military rule eleven years ago, Nigeria’s elites have largely cordoned off national presidential elections from sectarian divisions by predetermining presidential and vice presidential victors. Their People’s Democratic Party (PDP) nominates one southern Christian and one northern Muslim for the presidency and vice presidency and rigs these candidates into office. Every eight years the party rotates the office for which it nominates Christian and Muslim candidates(Adekanye, 2018).
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Newspapers play the traditional role of educating the masses and setting agenda for public action. News coverage can have a strong influence on how the public will respond to societal issues. Child marriage as a global issue involves the giving out to marriage a child who is not mentally, psychologically, emotionally or physically prepared for a marital life to an older man who most times has children same age as the girl bride. It is a human rights violation that denies girls their rights to health, education, equality, free from violation and exploitation.
Okafor and Oyakhiromen (2014) citing United Nations see child marriage as “any marriage carried out below the age of eighteen (18) years before the girl is physically, psychologically, and psychologically ready to shoulder the responsibilities of marriage and child bearing”. A child who is a minor does not consent to marriage decision about a life partner.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Today, one of the most prevalent forms of advertising is through the use of celebrity endorsement. In fact celebrity endorsers are being used extensively in almost all television advertisements for the promotion of different brands, products and services. Marketers invest huge amounts of money in contracts with celebrity endorsers each year, with the belief that celebrities affect the process of selling of their brands or products positively. Marketers use celebrity endorsement in order to help in easy brand recall especially during purchasing situations.
According to (Neha 2013), celebrity endorsement in business organizations has become a multi-million industry especially in advertising. Nowadays, it has become a pervasive element of advertising industry to endorse a celebrity for advertising a product to arrest the attention of the consumers. Marketers use celebrity endorsers to influence the purchase decision of consumers in order to increase their sales and extend their market shares.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
It is the general saying that “what a man can do, woman can do better”. The role and importance of women in not only in the society but also in the organizations remains issues of serious concern and debate. In every society, especially in Africa, attitudes, perception and feelings regarding the role of women in the society are a major factor in deciding their status.
Traditionally, in African societies, women are not only perceived as inferior to men but they are also marginalized and denied equal opportunities as they were treated as a lower gender in every aspects including job opportunity and employment. According to Obioha and Chima (2015), the general belief is that the role of women starts and ends with running the home affairs and nothing more.
