USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISEMENT AS A TOOL FOR INCREASING STUDENT ENROLLMENT

 INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

Advancement in technology in this era has improved and enhanced the way people make effective communication in the society today especially among youths. The unprepared emergence of social media technology in the face of developing societies has change of status quo within the socio, political, economic and ecological setting of any society. The advent of social media is a cyber-revolution that changed the course of communication and interaction.

 According to Durojaiye (2014), believes that the era when government of a nation would filter the news of what the people listen to, hear or read is about eroding, because citizens are now part of information gathering and information dissemination. Apart from the fact that social media has been able to break the barrier in news reportage, making people know the true nature of happenings around them within a blink of eye, it is now being use as tool of socialization, mobilization, education, political propaganda, sensitization, report insurgence and  a medium of dissent.  

ASSESSMENT OF SIGNPOST AS TOOLS FOR SOCIAL EDUCATION

 1.0       Introduction                                                                                                            

1.1       Background to the Study

Education, formal or informal in every society is a fundamental factors that determines the adequate and effective economic growth and development through effective investment in human capital and available resources. Education fosters commitment, self-confident, self-understanding, improves quality of lives and increment in people’s productivity and creativity therefore promoting entrepreneurship and technological advancement. Education plays a vital role in securing economic and social development of people in the society thereby improving income distribution and economic wellbeing of the masses which may consequently salvage the people from poverty Omoniyi (2013).

ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ON JOURNALISM PRACTICE

 INTRODUCTION

The development of modern technology most especially in this century has impact on every sphere of human life to include mass media. This has changed the look of the existing media. Because of this, the practice of journalism is no longer in the way of one-dimensional flow of information rather it is interactive and the audience are now part of the information gathering and information distribution. It should be noted that information quality through the internet demands caution as it is questionable since it lack the activities of the gatekeepers who can decide what information to disseminate and what not to make available for the public.

            Internet poses many challenges on mass media because mass media is considered “spoon-feed” sources of information, a one-way conversation where some media outlets or publishers say “Here you go”, “This is it.” whereas, with the computer technology the power has shifted to the people and the proliferation of information users and audience generated content. It is now a two-way conversation.

NIGERIAN PRESS AND GATEKEEPING ROLES ON THE SUCCESS OF NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINE

Abstract 

The research study titled the “Nigerian Press and Gatekeeping Roles on The Success of Newspapers and Magazine (Case Study of Punch Newspaper)” gatekeeping is nothing but voluntary self-censorship performed by the media themselves which emanate from the understanding by journalists that apart from legal restrictions on what is to be published, the journalists have a duty to be socially responsible to their readers in whatever materials they package for them. 

ANALYSIS OF CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR IN NIGERIA

                                                             INTRODUCTION

1.1              Background to the Study

Child labour is a universal problem. It dates back to the period of industrial revolution (late 1700s to early 1800s). (Lockwood, 2016).  During this period, a lot of families needed as many working hands as they could get, so children were not an exempted. However, Africa happens to have the largest number of child labourers. Meanwhile, in 2001 the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) developed strategies to fight child labour for exploitative labour purposes in West and Central Africa. (Anukan, 2016).

Child labour according to Dyorough, (2014) is the employment of children under the age of 18 in any form of work that interferes with their education and has negative effects on them physically, mentally, socially and morally. In Africa, the first commitment to combat trafficking is exemplified in Africa charter on the right or welfare of the child. In 2002, the African Union (AU) reaffirmed its commitment to combat child abuse. (Dyorouhg, 2014). It identified the elimination of human and child trafficking as an operational priority.

ASSESSMENT OF ELECTION VIOLENCE AND THE ROLE OF YOUTHS IN NIGERIA

INTRODUCTION

1.1              Background to the Study

        Nigeria is a country of overlapping regional, religious, and ethnic divisions. Rifts between the North and the South of the country, ethnic groups, and Islam and Christianity often coincide and have sometimes resulted in sectarian violence. This has been the case particularly in its geographical center and in the Niger Delta region. In the Middle Belt, as the former is called, bouts of retributive bloodshed between Christian farmers and Muslim pastoralists erupt with some frequency.  

        In all, credible observers ascribe over twelve thousand deaths since 1999 to ethnic, religious, and regional conflict in Nigeria. Since the end of military rule eleven years ago, Nigeria’s elites have largely cordoned off national presidential elections from sectarian divisions by predetermining presidential and vice presidential victors. Their People’s Democratic Party (PDP) nominates one southern Christian and one northern Muslim for the presidency and vice presidency and rigs these candidates into office. Every eight years the party rotates the office for which it nominates Christian and Muslim candidates(Adekanye, 2018).

ASSESSMENT OF NEWSPAPER COVERAGE OF EARLY CHILD MARRIAGE IN NIGERIA

 INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study   

Newspapers play the traditional role of educating the masses and setting agenda for public action. News coverage can have a strong influence on how the public will respond to societal issues. Child marriage as a global issue involves the giving out to marriage a child who is not mentally, psychologically, emotionally or physically prepared for a marital life to an older man who most times has children same age as the girl bride. It is a human rights violation that denies girls their rights to health, education, equality, free from violation and exploitation.

Okafor and Oyakhiromen (2014) citing United Nations see child marriage as “any marriage carried out below the age of eighteen (18) years before the girl is physically, psychologically, and psychologically ready to shoulder the responsibilities of marriage and child bearing”. A child who is a minor does not consent to marriage decision about a life partner.

ACCIDENTAL CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR (CASE STUDY OF INSTAGRAM AND TWITTER)

                                                                     INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study 

Today, one of the most prevalent forms of advertising is through the use of celebrity endorsement. In fact celebrity endorsers are being used extensively in almost all television advertisements for the promotion of different brands, products and services. Marketers invest huge amounts of money in contracts with celebrity endorsers each year, with the belief that celebrities affect the process of selling of their brands or products positively. Marketers use celebrity endorsement in order to help in easy brand recall especially during purchasing situations.

According to (Neha 2013), celebrity endorsement in business organizations has become a multi-million industry especially in advertising. Nowadays, it has become a pervasive element of advertising industry to endorse a celebrity for advertising a product to arrest the attention of the consumers. Marketers use celebrity endorsers to influence the purchase decision of consumers in order to increase their sales and extend their market shares.

ROLE OF FEMALE PRESENTERS IN THE NIGERIAN BROADCASTING MEDIA

INTRODUCTION

1.1              Background to the Study

It is the general saying that “what a man can do, woman can do better”. The role and importance of women in not only in the society but also in the organizations remains issues of serious concern and debate. In every society, especially in Africa, attitudes, perception and feelings regarding the role of women in the society are a major factor in deciding their status.

Traditionally, in African societies, women are not only perceived as inferior to men but they are also marginalized and denied equal opportunities as they were treated as a lower gender in every aspects including job opportunity and employment. According to Obioha and Chima (2015), the general belief is that the role of women starts and ends with running the home affairs and nothing more.

THE INFLUENCE OF BANKS CAMPUS STORM MARKETING ACTIVATION ON THE SAVING HABIT OF STUDENTS

INTRODUCTION

Today, the spending power of the youth has grown exponentially while their understanding of financial matters is abysmally low. Credit cards have become all too common among the youth and at the end of the month when they have to pay their bills, they are very confident about the fact that they can rely on their parents’ financially any time. Saving is ‘the excess of income over all expenditure’ where the expenditures are also mentioned as consumption, which is life contributions and insurance (if any), and the saving behavior is the money keeping activity after they use it for their own wealth (Denton, Fretz, & Spencer, 2011).

THE INFLUENCE OF BANKS AND CAMPUS MARKETING ACTIVATION ON THE SAVING HABIT OF STUDENTS

INTRODUCTION

Today, the spending power of the youth has grown exponentially while their understanding of financial matters is abysmally low. Credit cards have become all too common among the youth and at the end of the month when they have to pay their bills, they are very confident about the fact that they can rely on their parents’ financially any time. Saving is ‘the excess of income over all expenditure’ where the expenditures are also mentioned as consumption, which is life contributions and insurance (if any), and the saving behavior is the money keeping activity after they use it for their own wealth (Denton, Fretz, & Spencer, 2011).

THE ROLE OF NIGERIA PRINT MEDIA IN TALENT DISCOVERY AMONG YOUTHS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

.1              1.1     Background to the Study

Print media includes those media of communication which are controlled by space rather than time. It can be read at any available time and can be kept for record such as Books, Newspapers, Magazines and newsletters are Print medium of communications.

The main function of the press is to communicate news along with the editorial opinion. As a medium of information, we can even call the press as an important adjunct to the school as an educational institution. A fact, now more and more opinion is turning round to the point that mass media should be considered as a medium of education and mass communication. Ifeanyichukwu, (2019).

IMPACT OF DIGITIZATION OF THE BROADCASTING MEDIA IN NIGERIA

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

Television Broadcasting in Nigeria started with the initiative of the first Western Region premier Chief Obafemi Awolowo who on October 31, 1959 launched television broadcasting at Ibadan the headquarters of the region. The Western Region went into partnership with the Overseas Rediffusion Limited. The Western Nigerian Radiovision services limited were created with the responsibility of radio and television broadcasting under one management.

THE INFLUENCE OF E-LIBRARY AS A RESOURCE FOR LEARNING AMONG STUDENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Reading is an essential tool for lifelong learning. It is important for everyone to develop a good reading culture as to perform excellently in academic endeavours. Reading skills for students are critical for academic performance and personal growth. Reading is an important component of student’s ultimate literacy development. Moreover, Ezeji (2012) citing Holte, (2018), agreed that reading adds quality to life and provide access to culture and culture heritage. He pointed out that reading empowers and emancipates citizens, and bring people together. According to Rubin (2002), reading is an integrative process that starts with the reader and includes the aefective, perceptual, and cognitive domains.

THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA TOWARDS THE ERADICATION OF CHILD TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the Study

Child abuse and child labour has represents one of the most dehumanizing forms of human rights abuse in Nigeria. Top on the hat of the slavery-like practices in Nigeria against children is child abuse and trafficking. Combating child abuse has gathered considerable momentum over the years with increased political awareness regarding the phenomenon, as illustrated by the localized adoption and ratification of international standards and important commitments undertaken in international conference by different states. Dyorouhgi, (2014).

In 2002, the African union reaffirmed its commitment to combat child abuse. It identified the elimination of human trafficking as an operational priority. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in 2001 developed strategies to fight child abuse for exploitative labour purposes in West and Central Africa. In Africa, the first commitment to combat trafficking is exemplified in Africa charter on the right or welfare of the child (2019).

In the United Nations (UN) protocol to prevent, suppress or punish trafficking in person especially women and children. The United Nations convention against transitional organized crime called Palermo protocols, defines human trafficking to mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring as receipt of persons by means of threat, or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, abuse of power or of a position of benefit, vulnerability, of the giving or receiving of payment to receive the consent of a person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation. (Arinze, 2016).

In order to mobilize effective efforts, political will and policy responses to prevent or combat child abuse, the international community reached a common consensus on a common normative definition or trafficking in human beings which include various form of sexual exploitation or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or removal of organs. The focus of the provision stresses that child abuse for exploitative purposes should be considered a crime and must be prosecuted. Its also stressed that national laws should be reviewed to ensure compliance through legislative process the protocol as a model. Uzoezie, (2015).

According to Arinze (2016), the activities of some non-governmental organizations like women or child labour eradication. Women trafficking and child labour eradication foundation (WOTCLEF) and India Renaissance brought the issue of human trafficking especially child labour to the national discourse-and made the wife of the former vice president Mrs. Titi Abubakar to initiate or bill to the national assembly in person. This action was followed by the establishment of National Agency for the prohibition trafficking in persons and other related matters. The agency is to enforce the laws against trafficking in persons, investigate or prosecute persons suspected to engage in trafficking in persons or take change or coordinate the rehabilitation of victims of human trafficking. Eru, (2015).

Child abuse takes place in most parts of the world. Testimonies of victims of trafficking have shown that various techniques are used by traffickers to trick children and their parents. Research has also shown that there is a very powerful and highly organized network that is reaping substantial profits from exploiting the convenience of international communication weakness of penal system and vulnerability of parents and children. Uzoezie, (2015).

Mass media as the channels of communication that involve transmitting of information in some way shape or form to large numbers of people. They include broadcast media and print media. According to Robert (2015), the mass media can be used to present one section of community to another in other to correct mis-information malediction. It can be used to reduce an ignorance of another way of life. In the view of Merfix (2019) the mass media can contribute to people awareness of potentialities, dissatisfaction and collective power among people.

Mass media encourage and ginger people to achieve their goals or the goals of the society by promoting such goals in the media and stimulating the aspirations and activities of the people towards achieving such goals (Okun 2019).

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ROLE OF TELEVISION IN THE RESOLUTION OF RELIGIOUS CRISIS IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       INTRODUCTION

1.0              BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Religion fanaticism has been a recurring factor in Nigerian society and one can wonder if there would be a permanent end to it. Towards solving the problems of religious crisis in Nigerian society, television broadcast has been identified as one of the panacea as to cushion it effect.

Ekueme (1981) “A state television has the responsibility to inform the people of the state about the daily event which can affect their lives. It also has the responsibility to educate and entertain, project local cultures and some as a unifying factor through programmes relevant to the needs for its audience”.

TRADITIONAL MEDIA OF COMMUNICATION AS TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1              BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Communication is a variety of  behaviours, processes and Technologies by which meaning is transmitted or derived from information. The team is used to describe diverse activities. Communication is at the core of our humanness.  How we communicate with each other shapes our lives and our world. Human beings rely on their communicative skills as they confront events that challenge their flexibility, integrity, expressiveness, and critical thinking skills.

THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN PROMOTING DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

1.0              Introduction 

1.1       Background to the Study

Access to information is essential to the health of democracy for at least two reasons. First, it ensures that citizens make responsible, informed choices rather than acting out of ignorance or misinformation. Second, information serves a “checking function” by ensuring that elected representatives uphold their oaths of office and carry out the wishes of those who elected them.

In some societies, an antagonistic relationship between media and government represents a vital and healthy element of fully functioning democracies. In post-conflict or ethnically homogenous societies such a conflictual, tension-ridden relationship may not be appropriate, but the role of the press to disseminate information as a way of mediating between the state and all facets of civil society remains critical. Buckingham, (2020).

According to Norris, (2016). Support for media is a critical prong of Nigeria democracy and governance assistance. USAID Strategic Objective 2.3, “Increased development of a politically active civil society,” provides a rationale for media-related programming. Intermediate Result 2.3.4, “Enhanced free flow of information,” broadly states the Agency's goal for media activities.

UTILIZATION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS FOR REPUTATION BUILDING IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction

1.1       Background to the Study

Public relations unlike advertisement and other Marking Mix, Place all it efforts in building good image, name and public confidence in the mind of various publics dealing with the organization. Public relations did not only see to create good reputation and good image for the products and services of the organization it serve, but also ensure good reputation and image of the workers and management of the organization.

It is widely acceptable that the aim of any business or non-business organization is to achieve growth, mobilize people, recruitment of members, and increase in turn over, assets and profit maximization. But all of this is dependent on the goodwill of the organization’s various publics.

ROLE OF TELEVISION IN CREATING RELIGIOUS HARMONY IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0              Background to the Study

Religion fanaticism has been a recurring issue in Nigerian society and one can wonder if there can be a permanent end to it. Towards solving the problems of religious crisis and creating religion harmony in Nigerian society, television broadcast has been identified as one of the panacea as to curb it effect in the society.

According to Ekueme (2011), television has the responsibility to inform the people of the state about the daily event which can affect their lives. It also has the responsibility to educate and entertain, project local cultures and some as a unifying factor through programmes relevant to the needs for its audience”.