ANALYSIS OF CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR IN NIGERIA

                                                             INTRODUCTION

1.1              Background to the Study

Child labour is a universal problem. It dates back to the period of industrial revolution (late 1700s to early 1800s). (Lockwood, 2016).  During this period, a lot of families needed as many working hands as they could get, so children were not an exempted. However, Africa happens to have the largest number of child labourers. Meanwhile, in 2001 the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) developed strategies to fight child labour for exploitative labour purposes in West and Central Africa. (Anukan, 2016).

Child labour according to Dyorough, (2014) is the employment of children under the age of 18 in any form of work that interferes with their education and has negative effects on them physically, mentally, socially and morally. In Africa, the first commitment to combat trafficking is exemplified in Africa charter on the right or welfare of the child. In 2002, the African Union (AU) reaffirmed its commitment to combat child abuse. (Dyorouhg, 2014). It identified the elimination of human and child trafficking as an operational priority.

ASSESSMENT OF ELECTION VIOLENCE AND THE ROLE OF YOUTHS IN NIGERIA

INTRODUCTION

1.1              Background to the Study

        Nigeria is a country of overlapping regional, religious, and ethnic divisions. Rifts between the North and the South of the country, ethnic groups, and Islam and Christianity often coincide and have sometimes resulted in sectarian violence. This has been the case particularly in its geographical center and in the Niger Delta region. In the Middle Belt, as the former is called, bouts of retributive bloodshed between Christian farmers and Muslim pastoralists erupt with some frequency.  

        In all, credible observers ascribe over twelve thousand deaths since 1999 to ethnic, religious, and regional conflict in Nigeria. Since the end of military rule eleven years ago, Nigeria’s elites have largely cordoned off national presidential elections from sectarian divisions by predetermining presidential and vice presidential victors. Their People’s Democratic Party (PDP) nominates one southern Christian and one northern Muslim for the presidency and vice presidency and rigs these candidates into office. Every eight years the party rotates the office for which it nominates Christian and Muslim candidates(Adekanye, 2018).

ASSESSMENT OF NEWSPAPER COVERAGE OF EARLY CHILD MARRIAGE IN NIGERIA

 INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study   

Newspapers play the traditional role of educating the masses and setting agenda for public action. News coverage can have a strong influence on how the public will respond to societal issues. Child marriage as a global issue involves the giving out to marriage a child who is not mentally, psychologically, emotionally or physically prepared for a marital life to an older man who most times has children same age as the girl bride. It is a human rights violation that denies girls their rights to health, education, equality, free from violation and exploitation.

Okafor and Oyakhiromen (2014) citing United Nations see child marriage as “any marriage carried out below the age of eighteen (18) years before the girl is physically, psychologically, and psychologically ready to shoulder the responsibilities of marriage and child bearing”. A child who is a minor does not consent to marriage decision about a life partner.

ACCIDENTAL CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR (CASE STUDY OF INSTAGRAM AND TWITTER)

                                                                     INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study 

Today, one of the most prevalent forms of advertising is through the use of celebrity endorsement. In fact celebrity endorsers are being used extensively in almost all television advertisements for the promotion of different brands, products and services. Marketers invest huge amounts of money in contracts with celebrity endorsers each year, with the belief that celebrities affect the process of selling of their brands or products positively. Marketers use celebrity endorsement in order to help in easy brand recall especially during purchasing situations.

According to (Neha 2013), celebrity endorsement in business organizations has become a multi-million industry especially in advertising. Nowadays, it has become a pervasive element of advertising industry to endorse a celebrity for advertising a product to arrest the attention of the consumers. Marketers use celebrity endorsers to influence the purchase decision of consumers in order to increase their sales and extend their market shares.

ROLE OF FEMALE PRESENTERS IN THE NIGERIAN BROADCASTING MEDIA

INTRODUCTION

1.1              Background to the Study

It is the general saying that “what a man can do, woman can do better”. The role and importance of women in not only in the society but also in the organizations remains issues of serious concern and debate. In every society, especially in Africa, attitudes, perception and feelings regarding the role of women in the society are a major factor in deciding their status.

Traditionally, in African societies, women are not only perceived as inferior to men but they are also marginalized and denied equal opportunities as they were treated as a lower gender in every aspects including job opportunity and employment. According to Obioha and Chima (2015), the general belief is that the role of women starts and ends with running the home affairs and nothing more.