CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English defines language as “the system of expression by means of words” a particular system of words as used by a people or nation, or “a system of signs, movements and so on used to express meanings or feelings” or “a particular style or manner of expression such as in poetic language”.
Language can also be defined as “a communicative system consisting of formal units that are integrated through processes of combination”. Bonvillain, (2000). On his part, Omojuyigbe (2004) describes language as “a series of sounds strung together in groups to convey meaning to listeners”. From the various definitions of language, one can infer that language is an integral part of human behaviour and it serves as the primary means of interaction between people.
An indigenous language is a language that is native to a region and spoken by indigenous people of the same cultural value and belief. This language would be from a linguistically distinct community that has been settled in an area for many generations.
Many indigenous languages have become endangered because of language deaths or linguicide caused by colonization, in which the original language is replaced by that of the colonists.
The only channel by which human beings abstract reality is through language. Language affects the way we think or perceive our reality. If language is allow to slip away from a particular group of people or culture because of the various trans-national structural revolutions going on in the world today in the name of globalization, we will begin to think further. Such newness affects our reality and this leads to endangerment.
One of such endangerments, that are very important complement to our environment, is language endangerment. The Global Language Register (GLR) observes that “less than a third of the world’s languages are dying...” (Crystal 2000: 7). Moreover, the present reality in the world today is the rapid endangerment and death of many languages.
At the extreme end of language endangerment are Language Attrition and Language Death. It is said that only 600 of the 6,000 of so many languages in the world are safe from the threat of extinction.
The Nigeria situation is quite alarming because both population and language endangerment complement each other. We want to opine that in the next twenty-five years, most of the languages in Nigeria would be gone.
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