Tuesday, February 12, 2019

ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN ELECTORAL PROCESS AND COVERAGE OF POLITICAL PARTIES ACTIVITIES


CHAPTER ONE
1.0       Introduction
1.1       Background to the Study
Mass media play a crucial role in fostering an environment of good governance and political awareness in society. As the watchdog and interpreter of public issues and events, the media has a special role in every society. In information-based society; the media have a disproportionately visible and influential role says International Foundation for Election Systems, (2011).
IFES (2011) added that democracy cannot exist in the absence of the press. This is because democracy is based on popular will and popular opinion depends on the public’s awareness and knowledge. It is the mass media that bridges up, promotes and propagates public awareness.

Fischer, (2002) says the main responsibility of the press is to provide comprehensive, analytical and factual news and opinion to the people on everyday issues and events of popular concern. To fulfill its duty and responsibility, the press must work according to the fundamental principles of professional ethics, as well as norms and values of journalism.
Goodman, (2010) opines that democracy can neither be sustainable nor strong without a free press. On the other hand, press freedom will not be possible without democracy. Therefore, the mass media and journalists must be committed to democracy. For this, the press must be perpetually involved in the establishment and promotion of a democratic culture.
The press must remain ever vigilant to protect and enforce people’s freedom of thought and expression and citizens’ right to all information relating to the various aspects of their life and future.
Held, (2006) also observes the fact that access to information is a citizen’s right and must be taken to heart, and information must be presented in a simple and palatable manner. Right to information is inherent in democratic functioning and a pre-condition for good governance and the realization of all other human rights, including education and health care. The main objectives should be the promotion of transparency and accountability in governance so as to minimize corruption and inefficiency in public office and to ensure the public’s participation in governance and decision making. Media must be credible and trustworthy. Trust is the most valuable asset for any media. Once lost, it cannot be earned back. It is for this reason that all media must uphold their principles to provide accurate and factual news and other programmes.
Jones, D. W. (2001). Press must understand the difference between politics in general and party politics. Media should not be a vehicle, or used as an advocate for any political party or ideology. Public and political issues should be clearly understood, analyzed and presented in an impartial manner.
During elections/political campaigns, equal time slots or opportunity must be allocated to each of the legitimate political parties and candidates. In the course of elections, messages that encourage goodwill and harmony among all the ethnic groups, religions, genders, cultures, languages, regions and communities should be broadcast.
            Media plays the role of watch-dog in reporting corruption, complacency and negligence. In a changing, competitive landscape, compliance to good governance has never been taken so seriously, as people demand more transparency from both the government and private sectors. Responsible practices from government, universal principles on human rights and the fight against corruption have assumed great importance.

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IMPACT OF RADIO POLITICAL ADVERTISING ON THE VOTING BEHAVIOUR OF THE RURALITES DURING ELECTIONS



CHAPTER ONE

1.0       INTRODUCTION
1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY


It is obvious that the last half of the twenty first century witnessed a rival of radical political change that has swept across the frontiers of most modern nations of the world.  A result of this change is the emergence of socio-cultural variety and political pluralism. Nwosu, (2003).
Basically, politics is about power, but the struggle for power results in conflicts and competitions.  Thus, under the girdling political practice is the struggle for power which creates disagreement and conflict.  Nevertheless, the effects of politics which are conflicts and disagreement are never permanent and must be managed for the improvement of the society to be achieved.

Extending this view, Nzimiro (2012) states that “policy is a matter of either the desire for change or the desire to protect something against change”. This also leads to conflict.  The history of human civilization clearly shows that class conflict is an inherent characterization of human societies.  This offers a clear conviction that the eminent nuclear physicist Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was bemoaning the endemic conflict arising from human interactions when he says, “I can calculate the motions of the heavenly bodies but not the madness of people”. Newton’s timeless wits indicate that conflict as a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals or ideal.
Myers (2009), pervades virtually all aspects of human endeavours including political activities. In the modern society, politics is expressed through political parties, which are created to achieve the goals of a society.  This is why political parties are organized around specific idea. Before independence in 1960, the colonial administration has organized a couple of general elections.  In none of them was a deliberate and systematic political advertising programme under taken.   All political activities were limited to rallies soap box, speeches and where possible press editorial efforts.  For obvious reasons it was not possible for politicians to use electronic media for political advertising. 
Also the print media concentrated heavily on the issue of political independence.  The leader of Action Group Party of Nigeria, Chief Obafemi Awolowo in 1963 used skywriting advertising during rallies to send campaign messages.  That was a unique attempt in promoting politicians in Nigeria’s political history.  It did not go far because it lacked systematic political advertising. 


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1.               Call or WhatsApp to +2347034746560
2.               Send the approved topic to the number as text message or send the topic to WhatsApp Number +2347034746560
3.                 Pay the required amount to any of the bank below:
Banks:
First Bank
Account Number:      3058389622
Account Name:         YINUSA ISIAKA ADENLE
UBA
Account Number:      2089818914
Account Name:         YINUSA ISIAKA ADENLE
Wema Bank
Account Number:      0227520758
Account Name:                   YINUSA ISIAKA ADENLE
4.                 To know the price of your complete project material call or WhatsApp to  +2347034746560
5.                 Kindly pay directly in bank or bank transfer to any of the bank detail with verifiable name and details
6.                 Send the following information to this number after payment +2347034746560
a.     Your Name
b.     Your approved project topic
c.      The Bank you paid to
d.     Teller Number
e.      Bank Branch
f.       E-mail Address
g.     Phone Number  
h.     Other payment details
7.                 After your payment has been verified, you will receive your ordered material within 10 minutes in your e-mail, WhatsApp depending on your choice and nature of you project.
For any Complete Project/Material
Contact Us at:
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